the numerical values), or from Runic ᚢ /u/) 𐌿 (u possibly an allograph of Greek Ο (cf.𐌸 (þ derived either from Greek phi (Φ) /f/ or psi (Ψ) /ps/ with phonetic reassignment, or Runic ᚦ).𐌵 (q derived either from a form of Greek stigma/ digamma ( ), or from a cursive variant of kappa (ϰ), which could strongly resemble a u, or by inverting Greek pi (𐍀) /p/, perhaps due to similarity in the Gothic names: pairþa versus qairþa ).Most of the letters have been taken over directly from the Greek alphabet, though a few have been created or modified from Latin and possibly (more controversially ) Runic letters to express unique phonological features of Gothic. Uuinne < winja "field, pasture" or winna "pain"Įnguz < * iggus or * iggws "the god Yngvi"
Quetra < * qairþra ? or qairna "millstone" The names are given in their attested forms followed by the reconstructed Gothic forms and their meanings.
Most of them seem to be Gothic forms of names also appearing in the rune poems. The letter names are recorded in a 9th-century manuscript of Alcuin ( Codex Vindobonensis 795). Two letters, 𐍁 (90) and 𐍊 (900), have no phonetic value. When used as numerals, letters were written either between two dots ( Two letters used in its transliteration are not used in current English: thorn þ (representing / θ/), and hwair ƕ (representing / hʷ/).Īs with the Greek alphabet, Gothic letters were also assigned numerical values. Letters īelow is a table of the Gothic alphabet. Also, the Greek-based script probably helped to integrate the Gothic nation into the dominant Greco-Roman culture around the Black Sea. Ulfilas is thought to have consciously chosen to avoid the use of the older Runic alphabet for this purpose, as it was heavily connected with pagan beliefs and customs.
There are two main kinds of what people tend to call Gothic letters: the German Frakturs and the English Blackletter.
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